A lactation cycle stage by stage: the dry period, the transition around calving, peak, mid and late lactation. What changes in the ration and what to watch in each stage.
Member resources
PDF versions of the feeding guides and printable farm forms. Access is open to members approved by Tolga Akay.
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Professional software
Farms, groups, Holstein/Jersey animal profiles, NASEM 2021 requirements, energy, MP, amino acids, minerals, DCAD, cost, least-cost optimization, versions and reports.
Student area
For Bursa Uludağ University Animal Science students.
Planned content
Animal groups
Member area / Cattle
Cattle
Dairy, beef, heifers and calves.
Software
Farms, groups, Holstein/Jersey animal profiles, NASEM 2021 requirements, energy, MP, amino acids, minerals, DCAD, cost, least-cost optimization, versions and reports.
Feeding guides
Farm forms and records
Track feed delivered, refusals and dry matter intake per group; the simplest way to see whether a ration works.
Score cows at key stages and track the change; large losses after calving point to transition problems.
A daily check of each fresh cow for the first three weeks after calving to catch metabolic problems early.
Tools and pages
Feeding guides
From arrival to slaughter: receiving and adaptation, step-up to the finishing ration, growing and finishing, and the digestive problems to prevent.
Farm forms and records
Track feed delivered, refusals and dry matter intake per group; the simplest way to see whether a ration works.
Tools and pages
Feeding guides
From four months to first calving: growth targets for each stage, how to feed them and what to avoid, so heifers calve at 22–24 months at the right size.
Farm forms and records
Measure heifers every 2–3 months and compare with the targets to catch groups that fall behind or get too fat.
Tools and pages
Feeding guides
Step by step from birth to four months: colostrum, the milk period before weaning, starter feed, weaning and the weeks after.
Farm forms and records
Every newborn calf: timing, amount and quality of the first colostrum feedings and a passive immunity check.
One sheet per calf from birth to weaning: milk, starter, water, scours and treatments week by week.
Tools and pages
Member area / Sheep & goats
Sheep & goats
Feeding and management: A–Z handbooks, forms, animations.
Sheep — Feeding
From digestion and requirements to flushing, late pregnancy, lambs, fattening and minerals: the A–Z handbook, plus animated explainers.
Handbooks and guides (PDF)
The whole production year in one handbook: how the sheep’s stomach works, how much it eats and drinks, what each stage needs, from mating and late pregnancy to lambs, fattening and minerals, plus the nutrition-related diseases to prevent.
Small ruminants are not small cows. They select feed more, react differently to minerals and have their own critical periods around mating, late pregnancy and lamb fattening.
Animated explainers (members only)
From milk-fed newborn to ruminant: the oesophageal groove and the growth of the rumen with solid feed.
Foetal growth, rumen space and the mother’s energy balance week by week; why twins need more.
Milk peaks before intake: watch the gap open and close in a dairy goat or ewe.
Move the sliders for calcium, phosphorus and water and see the risk change for males.
Tools and pages
Sheep — Management
Breeds, records, housing, mating, lambing, health, parasites, feet, shearing, milking and culling, with farm forms.
Handbooks and guides (PDF)
From choosing the breed to selling lambs: flock goals and records, housing, the production calendar, reproduction and mating, lambing, lamb care, flock health, parasites, feet, shearing, milking, ageing by teeth, culling and welfare.
Farm forms and records
Every ewe at lambing: date, lambs born, birth ease, colostrum, navel care, tags and losses. The base of all flock performance numbers.
Treatments, vaccines, FAMACHA©, body condition and faecal egg counts on one sheet, with withdrawal dates. For sheep and goats.
Animated explainers (members only)
An animated year wheel from flushing to weaning, with the key tasks of each month.
An animated loin cross-section: what your hand feels at each score.
Follow a worm from the stomach to the pasture and back; then score eyelids on the FAMACHA© scale.
Watch the milk incisors give way to permanent teeth, pair by pair.
Goats — Feeding
Browsing behaviour, needs by stage, dairy goat lactation, kids, bucks, minerals and poisonous plants: the A–Z handbook and animations.
Handbooks and guides (PDF)
Goats are not small cows and not sheep either. This handbook covers how goats choose and use feed, what dairy, meat and hair goats need at each stage, kid rearing, buck feeding, minerals, poisonous plants and the nutrition-related diseases to prevent.
Small ruminants are not small cows. They select feed more, react differently to minerals and have their own critical periods around mating, late pregnancy and lamb fattening.
Animated explainers (members only)
From milk-fed newborn to ruminant: the oesophageal groove and the growth of the rumen with solid feed.
Foetal growth, rumen space and the mother’s energy balance week by week; why twins need more.
Milk peaks before intake: watch the gap open and close in a dairy goat or ewe.
Move the sliders for calcium, phosphorus and water and see the risk change for males.
Tools and pages
Goats — Management
Breeds, housing and fencing, breeding, kidding, disbudding, CAE and CL, parasites, hoof care, milking and culling, with farm forms.
Handbooks and guides (PDF)
Everything a goat keeper needs beyond the feed trough: breeds, herd goals and records, housing and fencing, the breeding calendar, kidding, kid care and disbudding, CAE and other herd diseases, parasites, hoof care, milking and milk hygiene, ageing, culling and welfare.
Farm forms and records
Every doe at kidding: kids born, ease, colostrum (heat-treated in CAE control), navel care, disbudding and tags.
Treatments, vaccines, FAMACHA©, body condition and faecal egg counts on one sheet, with withdrawal dates. For sheep and goats.
Animated explainers (members only)
Breeding, dry-off, kidding and milking season on an animated wheel.
An animated loin cross-section: what your hand feels at each score.
Follow a worm from the stomach to the pasture and back; then score eyelids on the FAMACHA© scale.
Watch the milk incisors give way to permanent teeth, pair by pair.
Member area / Pigs
Pigs
Basics, breeding herd, piglets and finishing.
Feeding guides
How the pig digests feed, how energy, amino acids, minerals and vitamins are expressed in modern feeding systems, and how phase feeding matches the diet to the animal.
The main energy and protein sources for pigs, their limits, the most important feed additives and the legal limits for trace minerals and mycotoxins (EU reference values).
Water and climate set the limits for feed intake, and several common health problems in pigs have nutritional causes or nutritional solutions.
Feeding guides
A sow’s lifetime productivity is largely decided before her first mating. Growth rate, age, weight and oestrus number at first service, and the feeding that supports them.
Pregnancy lasts about 114–116 days. The aim is to bring every sow to farrowing in the right condition: not thin, not fat, with sound legs and a good appetite for lactation.
A modern sow can produce more than 10 kg of milk a day. Her feed intake in lactation decides litter weaning weight, how much body reserve she loses and how quickly she returns to oestrus.
Boars are few but each one influences many litters. They should be kept fit and lean, with sound legs, good libido and good semen quality.
Farm forms and records
One line per sow per litter: litter size, fostering, lactation feed intake, weaning and return to oestrus.
Feeding guides
From birth to weaning: colostrum, warmth, iron, creep feed and preparing piglets for the biggest change of their lives.
The first two weeks after weaning decide nursery performance. Highly digestible diets, early feed intake and gut health without pharmacological zinc oxide.
Farm forms and records
Track each pen or batch: weights, feed delivered, diet changes, mortality and treatments, and calculate daily gain and feed conversion.
Feeding guides
From about 25 kg to slaughter at roughly 110–130 kg, this phase uses most of the feed eaten on a pig farm. Small improvements in feed efficiency have a large economic effect.
Farm forms and records
Track each pen or batch: weights, feed delivered, diet changes, mortality and treatments, and calculate daily gain and feed conversion.
Member area / Poultry
Poultry
Layers and broilers.
Member area / Silage & forages
Silage & forages
Making, quality and feed-out.